2019年10自學(xué)考試00015《英語(yǔ)(二)》串講(三)

1.主謂一致的三條原則

(1)語(yǔ)法一致，即在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致。

Human beings enjoy learning.

Everybody’s understanding is incomplete.

(2)意義一致，即根據(jù)意義來(lái)處理一致關(guān)系。

The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.

Ten dollars was a lot of money at that time.

(3)就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。

There is a pen,two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.

Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.

2.集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)與動(dòng)詞的一致

(1)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為furniture,equipment,machinery等詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。

The furniture in that shop is all made in China.

Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.

(2)集體名詞如people,cattle,police,poultry等往往作復(fù)數(shù)用。

Some people drive madly in this country.

Many cattle have died because of the flood.

(3)family,government,class,committee,audience,team,public等詞被視作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);被視為構(gòu)成整體的個(gè)體時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞則為復(fù)數(shù)。

His family is a happy one.

His family are all interested in stampcollecting

3.并列主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞的一致

(1)當(dāng)“名詞+名詞”表示一種事物時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式。

Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast.

(2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是由and,both...and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，如果主語(yǔ)所指的不是一種事物，動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Jack and Mary are in love with each other.

Both Tom and John are absent today.

(3)在由or 或 nor 連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式一般與or 或 nor 后面的名詞或代詞保持一致。

He or his brothers are to blame for this.

Neither she nor you are mistaken.

(4)not only...but also 連接的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依據(jù) but also 后的名詞或代詞。

Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog.

Not only the boys but also their mother is very ill.

SubjectVerb Agreement(Ⅱ)